Yes 

Yes

Absolute novelty is required

It is possible for granted and published patents in the Official Gazette to   be searched by their corresponding patent number, title, and patentee name. 

Yes, a translation into Arabic.

1. Legalized Power of Attorney (up to the Syrian consulate) 
2. Priority document (certified copy of the application that priority is to be claimed in Syria), which can be filed within (3) months from the date of filing the application in Syria. 
3. Specifications, claims and abstract of the invention in quadruplicate in English or French with the Arabic translation. 
4. Legalized assignment from the inventor(s) to the applicant, in case the priority application was filed in the name of the inventor(s), which can be filed within (3) months from the date of filing the application in Syria.

Regarding PCT applications, the international preliminary report,  search report and the ISA's written opinion as well as the publication sheet showing Syria among the designated states must be submitted

All the above documents may be submitted within a non-extendible 3-month period from the filing date. 

20 years starting from the filing date. 

Due annually on the anniversary of the international filing date